Adverb clause
Adverbial clause ทำหน้าที่เหมือน adverb ทั่วๆไปอาจจะเกิดต้นประโยค กลางประโยคหรือท้ายประโยคก็ได้
Types of adverbial clause
ประเภทของ Adverbial clause มีดังนี้
1. Clause of time คือ adverb clause ที่บอกเวลามี subordinators เช่น after,before,since,until
when เป็นต้น
2. Clause of place คือ adverb clause ที่บอกสถานที่จะขึ้นต้น clause ด้วย where or wherever
3. Clause of contrast or Concessive คือ adverb clause ที่บอกความหมายตรงข้ามหรือความหมายที่ขัดแย้ง
จะขึ้นต้น clauseด้วย subordinators : although,even though,even if เป็นต้น
4. Clause of condition คือ adverb clause ที่บอกที่บอกเงื่อนไข subordinator ที่ใช้ขึ้นต้น clause คือ
if,as long as,if onlysupposing that,in even that เป็นต้น
5. Clause of clause คือ adverb ที่บอกสาเหตุ มี subordinator ดังนี้ because,since,as,now that เป็นต้น
6. Clause of result คือ adverb ที่บอกผล subordinator ได้แก่ so that
7. Clause of purpose คือ adverb clause ที่บอกจุดประสงค์ subordinator ได้แก่ so that,in order that
in the hope that for the purpose that เป็นต้น ใช้กับกริยาช่วย can,will,could,would,might ตัวใดตัวหนึ่ง
8. Clause of comparison คือ adverb clause ที่บอกเกี่ยวกับการเปรียบเทียบ
9. Clause of grammar คือ adverb clause ที่บอกลักษณะ subordinator ได้แก่ as though,as if เป็นต้น
Adverb Clauses with Time
When
• He was talking on the phone when I arrived.
• When she called, he had already eaten lunch.
• I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep.
• We'll go to lunch when you come to visit.
'When' means 'at that moment, at that time, etc.'. Notice the different tenses used in relationship to the clause beginning with when. It is important to remember that 'when' takes either the simple past OR the present - the dependent clause changes tense in relation to the 'when' clause.
Before
• We will finish before he arrives.
• She (had) left before I telephoned.
'Before' means 'before that moment'. It is important to remember that 'before' takes either the simple past OR the present.
After
• We will finish after he comes.
• She ate after I (had) left.
'After' means 'after that moment'. It is important to remember that 'after' takes the present for future events and the past OR past perfect for past events.
While, as
• She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.
• As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking.
'While' and 'as' mean 'during that time'. 'While' and 'as' are both usually used with the past continuous because the meaning of 'during that time' which indicates an action in progess.
By the time
• By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.
• We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.
'By the time' expresses the idea that one event has been completed before another. It is important to notice the use of the past perfect for past events and future perfect for future events in the main clause. This is because of the idea of something happening up to another point in time.
Until, till
• We waited until he finished his homework.
• I'll wait till you finish.
'Until' and 'till' express 'up to that time'. We use either the simple present or simple past with 'until' and 'till'. 'Till' is usually only used in spoken English.
Since
• I have played tennis since I was a young boy.
• They have worked here since 1987.
'Since' means 'from that time'. We use the present perfect (continuous) with 'since'. 'Since' can also be used with a specific point in time.
As soon as
• He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided).
• As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call.
'As soon as' means 'when something happens - immediately afterwards'. 'As soon as' is very similar to 'when' it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately after the other. We usually use the simple present for future events, although present perfect can also be used.
Whenever, every time
• Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Dick's".
• We take a hike every time he visits.
'Whenever' and 'every time' mean 'each time something happens'. We use the simple present (or the simple past in the past) because 'whenever' and 'every time' express habitual action.
The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time
• The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city.
• I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco.
• The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun.
The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time means 'that specific time'. We can use these forms to be more specific about which time of a number of times something happened.
วันเสาร์ที่ 19 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2554
Adjective clause (out class)
Adjective Clause
This is the house that jact built.
= principal clause(main) = adjective clause
that jact built เป็น dependent clause ชนิด adjective clause เพราะทำหน้าที่ adjective ขยายคำนามใน main clause ซึ่งอยู่ติดกันนั่นคือ the house Adjective clause จะขึ้นต้นด้วย "relative" เช่น
who, whom, whose, which, that, where etc. ทำหน้าที่เชื่อมระหว่าง clause
Who 1. แทนคน
2. Subject
เชื่อมประโยค
I met a boy. That boy knows you.
1. คน เมื่อเปลี่ยนเป็น adj. clause จะใช้ who แทน that boy
2. Subject
สรุปโครงสร้าง who + verb
Whom 1. แทนคน
2. object
เชื่อมประโยค
1. I met the boy. You know him. (1. คน 2. object ของ verb เมื่อเปลี่ยนเป็น adj. clause จะใช้ whom แทน him)
2. That girl is diligent. I went to speak to her. (Object ของ preposition "to"จะใช้ whom แทน her)
สรุปโครงสร้าง Whom + subject + verb
Whom + subject + verb + ----- + preposition
หมายเหตุ
1. สามารถ "whom" ได้
2. สามารถย้าย "preposition" ไว้หน้า relative ได้
I met the boy you know.
That girl I want to speak to is diligent.
That girl to whom I want to speak is diligent.
Whose 1. แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของ
2. เป็นทั้ง Subject และ Object
เชื่อมประโยค
1. The girl comes from Ubot. Her hair is dark and long.
1. แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของว่าเป็นของ "ผม"ของผู้หญิง
2. Her hair เป็น subject
เมื่อเปลี่ยนเป็น adj. clause จะใช้ whose แทน her
The girl whose hair is dark and long comes from Ubol.
สรุปโครงสร้าง Whose + noun + verb
2. The man is handsome. We stayed at his house.
1. แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของว่าเป็น "บ้าน" ของผู้ชาย
2. his house เป็น Object
The man whose house we stayed at is handsome.
สรุปโครงสร้าง Whose + noun + Subject + verb
Which 1. แทนสัตว์ และสิ่งของ
2. เป็นทั้ง Subject และ Objectเชื่อมประโยค
1. The dog is named Dick. It is barking at the cat.
1. สัตว์
2. Subject
เมื่อเปลี่ยนเป็น adj. clause จะใช้ which แทน it
The dog which is barking at the cat is named Dick.
สรุปโครงสร้าง Which + Subject + Verb
Which + Subject + Verb + .... + preposition
หมายเหตุ
1. สามารถละ "which" ซึ่งเป็น object ได้
2. สามารถย้าย "preposition" ไว้หน้า relative ได้
The book I left on the table is very interesting.
The palace the king lives in is very large.
The palace in which the king lives is very large.
that 1. แทนคน สัตว์ สิ่งของ
2. เป็นทั้ง Subject และ Object
สรุปใช้แทน who, whom และ which
Adjective phrase
Adjective phrase is a group of words in a sentence that functions in the same way a lone adjective would.
Adjectives are used to modify nouns or pronouns. They give an additional detail about the meaning of a noun. In the sentence "Mr. Clinton is a wealthy man." The question "What kind of man is Mr. Clinton?" is answered by the word ‘wealthy’.
To use an adjectival phrase, the word 'wealthy' is replaced with a group of words: 'of great wealth'. The sentence becomes "Mr. Clinton is a man of great wealth."
Both of these sentences convey the same meaning
An example of a sentence with an adjectival: Jackson is a Friendless boy "Friendless" is the adjectival.
The same example with an adjective phrase:
He is a man without a friend.
"Without a friend" is the adjective phrase.
An example of a sentence with an adjective:
The Politician is a kind man.
"Kind" is the adjective.
The same example with an adjectival phrase:
The Politician is a man of kindly nature.
"Of kindly nature" is the adjective phrase
This is the house that jact built.
= principal clause(main) = adjective clause
that jact built เป็น dependent clause ชนิด adjective clause เพราะทำหน้าที่ adjective ขยายคำนามใน main clause ซึ่งอยู่ติดกันนั่นคือ the house Adjective clause จะขึ้นต้นด้วย "relative" เช่น
who, whom, whose, which, that, where etc. ทำหน้าที่เชื่อมระหว่าง clause
Who 1. แทนคน
2. Subject
เชื่อมประโยค
I met a boy. That boy knows you.
1. คน เมื่อเปลี่ยนเป็น adj. clause จะใช้ who แทน that boy
2. Subject
สรุปโครงสร้าง who + verb
Whom 1. แทนคน
2. object
เชื่อมประโยค
1. I met the boy. You know him. (1. คน 2. object ของ verb เมื่อเปลี่ยนเป็น adj. clause จะใช้ whom แทน him)
2. That girl is diligent. I went to speak to her. (Object ของ preposition "to"จะใช้ whom แทน her)
สรุปโครงสร้าง Whom + subject + verb
Whom + subject + verb + ----- + preposition
หมายเหตุ
1. สามารถ "whom" ได้
2. สามารถย้าย "preposition" ไว้หน้า relative ได้
I met the boy you know.
That girl I want to speak to is diligent.
That girl to whom I want to speak is diligent.
Whose 1. แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของ
2. เป็นทั้ง Subject และ Object
เชื่อมประโยค
1. The girl comes from Ubot. Her hair is dark and long.
1. แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของว่าเป็นของ "ผม"ของผู้หญิง
2. Her hair เป็น subject
เมื่อเปลี่ยนเป็น adj. clause จะใช้ whose แทน her
The girl whose hair is dark and long comes from Ubol.
สรุปโครงสร้าง Whose + noun + verb
2. The man is handsome. We stayed at his house.
1. แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของว่าเป็น "บ้าน" ของผู้ชาย
2. his house เป็น Object
The man whose house we stayed at is handsome.
สรุปโครงสร้าง Whose + noun + Subject + verb
Which 1. แทนสัตว์ และสิ่งของ
2. เป็นทั้ง Subject และ Objectเชื่อมประโยค
1. The dog is named Dick. It is barking at the cat.
1. สัตว์
2. Subject
เมื่อเปลี่ยนเป็น adj. clause จะใช้ which แทน it
The dog which is barking at the cat is named Dick.
สรุปโครงสร้าง Which + Subject + Verb
Which + Subject + Verb + .... + preposition
หมายเหตุ
1. สามารถละ "which" ซึ่งเป็น object ได้
2. สามารถย้าย "preposition" ไว้หน้า relative ได้
The book I left on the table is very interesting.
The palace the king lives in is very large.
The palace in which the king lives is very large.
that 1. แทนคน สัตว์ สิ่งของ
2. เป็นทั้ง Subject และ Object
สรุปใช้แทน who, whom และ which
Adjective phrase
Adjective phrase is a group of words in a sentence that functions in the same way a lone adjective would.
Adjectives are used to modify nouns or pronouns. They give an additional detail about the meaning of a noun. In the sentence "Mr. Clinton is a wealthy man." The question "What kind of man is Mr. Clinton?" is answered by the word ‘wealthy’.
To use an adjectival phrase, the word 'wealthy' is replaced with a group of words: 'of great wealth'. The sentence becomes "Mr. Clinton is a man of great wealth."
Both of these sentences convey the same meaning
An example of a sentence with an adjectival: Jackson is a Friendless boy "Friendless" is the adjectival.
The same example with an adjective phrase:
He is a man without a friend.
"Without a friend" is the adjective phrase.
An example of a sentence with an adjective:
The Politician is a kind man.
"Kind" is the adjective.
The same example with an adjectival phrase:
The Politician is a man of kindly nature.
"Of kindly nature" is the adjective phrase
Lesson Plan 1
Lesson plan
Topic Dawn and up Unit1 Interpretation and Giving Opinions
Subject Fundamental English 1 (E21101) Class Lower Secondary 1 Time 3 hours
Standard T 1.1 Understand and tell the story listened and read the different media then
give opinion and reason
Index M. 1/1 Do according to order, request, suggestion and easy explanation
listened and Read
Important concept
Students should be able to order, request, astigmatic and negative that mean for themselves, their classmates and closed people correctly by having gone through the language skill method to communicate, especially that emphasize being developed listening, speaking reading and writing together which enables the students to apply in their daily lives confidentially and suitable to good manner and condition of people.
Concept of having knowledge
Knowledge
1. Order, request, suggestion both affirmative and negative that mean for themselves and their classmates and closed people such as Look at the…. / here/ over there. / Say it again/ Read and draw. / Put a/ an… in/ on / under…. / Go to the window and open it. / Take out the book. Open on page 17 and read it. etc.
2. The use of can could/ Please in the request sentences such as Please look up the meaning in a dictionary./ Look up the meaning in a dictionary, please./ Can /Could you help me , please ? Excuse me. Could you… ?etc.
Vocabulary : clap hop shake turn borrow
Form of affirmative and negative order : V1 or V1+Obj./ Don’t + V1 or Don’t Obj.
Form of affirmative request : Please+V1+Obj. or V1+Obj.+please.
Question : Can/ Could+you+V1+Obj.+please?
Skill/ Method
Method of practing English to communicate by focusing on trying to use in reality and gaining by listening. Speaking . Reading and Writing skill all together
Character
1. Use English to communicate confidentially
2. Use English suitably to manner, time and people.
Combination
Thai learning group using order and request sentences. Hygiene learning and P.E group by designing gestures. Art learning group by drawing pictures along with order.
Ability
1. The ability to communicate, sing songs and show out as gestures and drawing.
2. The ability to think as :-
2.1 Analyses the group of words.
2.2 Use reason to discuss
2.3 Apply to use other one syllable verb for each verb and show gestures
2.4 Can draw when hear the sentence and tell what having learnt
Result of learning
Work done/ kind of work
2.Group work, write/ sing with gestures
3. Single work, speak/ write/ draw/ make gesture the order. Request, suggest sentences
4. Single work to write order, request both affirmative and negative by noting down in the exercise book
Evaluation
Index | method | equipment | Percent pass |
Index T 1.1 M 1.1 do the easy order , request, suggestion and explanation listened and read |
|
| 70% 70% |
Method of learning
- Warm up
1.1 students listen to Down and Up song reatedly and try to sing while the teached make gesture .
Down and Up Song
Down and up and clap, clap, clap,
Down and up and clap, clap, clap,
We clap to the left and we clap to the right
Turn around and clap, clap, clap, (walk, nod, hop, shake.. etc.)
1.2 Teacher tells the important words in the song, students read loud and gesture or tell the meaning of the words.
1.3 Students follow the teacher singing and gesturing.
1.4 Each student group thinks and searches other words to put in the song and gestures or tell the meaning of the words.
- Presentation
2.1 Teacher speaks both affirmative and negative order and shows gesture, such as, stand up. Turn right, Turn left, Turn back, Turn around, Point to the window, Sit down.
Don’t sleep in the classroom. Don’t eat food in the classroom. Don’t draw cartoon in the book.
2.2 Teacher shows various order cards, students read,tell the meanings and note down in the exercise book.
2.3 Teacher speaks various requests, shows the cards, students speak after the teacher and make gestures.
Such as :
T : Can/ could you tell me your nickname, please?
S : My nickname is “Tee”.
T : Can/could you close the window, please?
S : Yes, I ’ll do now.
T : Can/Could I borrow your pen, please?
S : Yes. Here you are.
2.4 Teacher concludes the use of Can/Could please to show the polite request, students note down.
- Practice
3.1 Students speak order and request in pair with gesture
3.2 Choose student as a valenteer to speak different orders and requests, the rest do the orders and requests.
3.3 Let student draw pictures for order and requests.
- Production
4.1 Students show new idea about songs and gestures
4.2 Student show the chart of other words or drawing for other words in the song.
4.3 Student pair up the picture and order sentences on the table and stick on the board check and read.
- Wrap up
5.1 Play “Simon Says” game
5.2 Let students do exercise from the picture given.
Media of learning
- Song
- Tapes of affirmative and negative orders.
- Picture cards and tapes of pair sentences.
- Work given sheets
- VCD or DVD players
- Different side boards, BTS station, understand rail station, cinema hosses and medical sheet, etc.
Result after making learning memo
- Result
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- Problem/obstacle
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- Suggestion
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Check list
Name…………………………………………… number……………………………………
Result checklist/checklist | Can do at once | Think for a while then do | Can’t do | Total | Conclusion |
2 | 1 | 0 | 16 | Pass/ fail | |
|
Note Criteria to decide if each student passes must get 70% or 11 marks upwards
Rules to mark the quality of work
Mark level/point to evaluate | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | Weight Main point | Total |
Completed work | The best result of work | Good result of work | Rather complete result of work | Less complete result of work | 3 | 12 |
Creative thought | Much new, wonderful piece of work | Medium new, wonderful Piece of work | Less new, wonderful piece of work | Least new, wonderful piece of work | 2 | 8 |
assemble | 5 | 20 |
Plan of note to evaluate a piece of work
Condition/work | Completion | Creative thought | Total | Conclusion |
Name, surname | 12 | 8 | 20 | Pass / fail |
Note Criteria to decide if each student passes is that the student must get 70% 0r 14 marks upwards
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